Archives of Current Research International

Combined Periodontal, Endodontic and Restorative Management of a Pediatric Maxillary Crown-Root Fracture

Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: This case study illustrates the successful preservation and functional restoration of a traumatised maxillary central incisor via a multidisciplinary, conservative approach, providing further evidence in favour of integrated treatment strategies for young patients.

Presentation of Case: An 11-year-old female patient presented with a history of dental trauma affecting her upper right central incisor (tooth #11). An intraoral examination revealed a complex crown-root fracture involving the vestibular, palatal, mesial, distal and incisal surfaces, with a subgingival extension that compromised the biological width. The diagnosis was a complicated crown-root fracture with pulpal involvement. Treatment consisted of endodontic therapy and surgical crown lengthening to re-establish the supracrestal tissue attachment. A definitive restoration was achieved using a glassfiber post and a stratified composite build-up with a silicone guide. Despite the inability to conduct long-term follow-up due to socioeconomic limitations, the immediate outcome was aesthetically and functionally successful.

Discussion: This case study illustrates how a well-planned, interdisciplinary approach can effectively restore severely traumatised anterior teeth in paediatric patients, thereby avoiding extraction and maintaining aesthetics and function. Although, the lack of follow-up due to poor financial status and unavailability of the patient’s family presented itself as the main shotcoming of this case.

Conclusion: It emphasises the importance of individualised, conservative strategies and highlights the challenges in ensuring follow-up care for vulnerable populations.

Consumer Awareness and Perceptions toward Eco-friendly Green Products: Evidence from Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan, India

Rahul Godara, Akhilesh Jain, Nimit Kumar — Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Any product or service that is not destructive to the environment is termed an “eco-friendly product”. Consumer preferences have changed due to the awareness of ongoing environmental issues, as a result of the expansion of greener, more suitable, and environmentally friendly products that need to be produced. Despite rising global concern for sustainability, limited research explores consumer awareness of eco-friendly green products. This study investigates the demographic profile, awareness, satisfaction, and purchasing behaviour of consumers regarding eco-friendly products in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan, India. The sample size for this study consisted of 100 respondents, and this study used a convenience sampling method. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire distributed among consumers in the Hanumangarh district. Data collection tools included surveys, face-to-face interviews (where feasible) and at last through online (Google Forms/Email). The findings reveal that the region predominantly comprises well-educated, middle-income consumers—an ideal demographic for examining environmentally conscious consumerism. High awareness of green products, primarily driven by digital and social media, reflects the growing influence of modern communication in promoting sustainability. Despite this awareness, the adoption of green practices varies across product categories. Most consumers express moderate to high satisfaction with green products, especially in terms of quality and environmental impact, and are willing to recommend these products to others. The highest satisfaction was recorded in product recommendation (81%), reflecting strong word-of-mouth potential. This indicates a scope for policy or marketing interventions to make green products more accessible, especially in terms of cost-effectiveness. Although price remains a concern, it is outweighed by the perceived health and social benefits of sustainable consumption. Quality and eco-certification emerged as the most influential purchase factors, indicating a shift from cost-centric to conscious purchasing behaviour.

Quality Parameters of Protein-Enriched Beverage Mix

KAVITA, HEMALATHA S, ARCHANA G LAMDANDE, GANAJAXI MATH — Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The health or protein drink mix is a product containing vital nutrients designed to enhance protein levels. A nourishing protein beverage blend was created by incorporating cowpea protein isolate along with malted finger millet flour to elevate its nutritional value. The study aims to focus on developing a rich protein-rich beverage mix from the cowpea protein isolate, which could be convenient to use. The finger millet, jaggery, cardamom, chocolate and vanilla essence were procured from the local market in Dharwad. Malting of finger millet was performed by soaking, germination, drying, and roasting. The protein-enriched beverage mix was prepared by combining and blending all the ingredients as per the formulations. The present investigation focused on the development of a protein beverage mix by incorporating cowpea protein isolate to enhance the protein quality parameters. For organoleptic evaluation of protein-rich beverage mix and to check the significance between the variations, one-way ANOVA was used. The different variations of cowpea protein isolate are tested with levels of 0, 7.5, 10, 12.5per cent. The performed investigation resulted in the finding that all samples (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were organoleptically acceptable. Formulation (T2) was found to gain a higher score for sensory parameters (colour and appearance- 8.70, flavour- 8.30, taste- 8.20, consistency and overall acceptability- 8.40) with an acceptability index of 93.89 per cent. Beverage, being a protein-rich food, enriched with different flavours, will be most appetising and provide the best protein products for a vegan-based diet and replace animal-based food products. The selected sample (T2) was found to have a higher level of protein and in vitro protein digestibility (26g/100g and 90 % respectively). Thus, it can be concluded that protein beverage mix can contribute to the dietary status of consumers, leading to improvement in product acceptability.

Detoxification Mechanisms in Silkworms: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Responses to Xenobiotic Stress

Pankaj Lushan Dutta, Indrani Nath, Manasee Hazarika Ahmed — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Silkworms, particularly Bombyx mori, have long been recognized for their economic importance in sericulture, yet their molecular resilience to environmental xenobiotics remains a growing field of interest. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of detoxification mechanisms in silkworms, emphasizing the roles of key enzyme families such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), carboxylesterases (CarbEs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The activation of these detoxification genes in response to insecticides, heavy metals, and plant allelochemicals reveals the silkworm’s dynamic molecular adaptations. We also highlight tissue-specific and developmental expression patterns, regulatory pathways including transcription factors and miRNAs, and the interplay between oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism. Beyond the domesticated silkworm, comparative insights from wild species such as Antheraea pernyi suggest conserved detoxification frameworks across Lepidoptera. The integration of transcriptomics and functional genomics is unraveling complex detoxification networks and aiding the development of pesticide-resistant silkworm strains. This synthesis offers a foundation for future genetic and biotechnological advancements in silkworm breeding, environmental risk assessment, and pest management strategies.

Biological and Industrial Prospects of Polyamines in Silkworms: A Comprehensive Review

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Polyamines, specifically putrescine, spermidine, and spermine—are low molecular weight aliphatic cations that play essential roles in cellular growth, DNA stabilization, protein synthesis, and stress tolerance across biological systems. In the context of sericulture, recent studies have uncovered the multifaceted impact of polyamines on silkworm physiology, offering new avenues for improving silk yield and quality. This review consolidates current findings on the role of polyamines in regulating the cell cycle, enhancing nutritional indices, improving silk fiber characteristics, and boosting reproductive efficiency in Bombyx moriand wild silkworm species such as Antheraea mylitta. Supplementation with optimal concentrations of spermidine and spermine has been shown to promote larval growth, increase silk gland and cocoon weight, upregulate fibroin gene expression, and improve egg production and hatchability. These effects are particularly pronounced in hybrid strains, highlighting the potential of polyamines to exploit hybrid vigour in commercial sericulture. Molecular analyses, including FTIR and SEM, support structural enhancements in silk fibers, while histological studies demonstrate improved reproductive tissue development. Given their low cost, scalability, and ease of integration into existing rearing practices, polyamines present a promising biotechnological tool for sustainable sericulture. The review also identifies future research directions, including polyamine metabolism, dose optimization, and synergistic use with other biostimulants. Overall, polyamines represent a valuable asset for advancing silk production efficiency and quality in both laboratory and field conditions.

Insect Pests of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Their Natural Enemies: A Review

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is one of the most important cruciferous vegetables globally, valued for its nutritional richness and economic significance. However, production suffers heavy losses due to a diverse complex of insect pests, notably diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) and cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae), which can cause yield reductions of 30-80%. Natural enemies-including predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens-play a central role in regulating these pests and form the backbone of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM). Despite their potential, several challenges limit their effectiveness, including pesticide disruption, poor synchronization with pest populations and habitat simplification. Climate change adds further complexity by altering pest and natural-enemy interactions, often leading to phenological mismatches. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, RNA interference (RNAi) and microbial biocontrol formulations offer promising alternatives for strengthening eco-friendly pest suppression. Yet, successful adoption requires greater farmer awareness, reliable extension support and enabling policy measures such as biopesticide regulation and IPM incentives. This review synthesizes current knowledge on cabbage pests and their natural enemies, highlighting ecological interactions, limitations, advances and future perspectives to guide sustainable pest management strategies.

A Conceptual Review on Sericulture in Northeast India: Viability, Opportunities and Policy Pathways

Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

India is the world’s second-largest raw silk producer and is known for uniquely cultivating all five silk types. Sericulture, which is known as silk from silkworms, is labour-intensive, agroforestry-linked, and vital for rural livelihoods. The North eastern (NE) states, namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura, contribute mainly eri and muga (Vanya) silks in addition to some mulberry. To conceptually review sericulture “viability” that included the following aspects, like agro-ecological, economic, social, institutional, market, and environmental, and identify thematic constraints/ opportunities. In addition to that, it also proposes actionable policy and research directions for NE India. Narrative review of government reports, ICAR/CSB publications, and peer-reviewed literature (2010–2025) on NE sericulture. The major findings highlight that NE sericulture has strong cultural roots and gender-inclusive traditions, especially eri, and growing demand for unique silk products. Mulberry yields and acreage have declined in Assam, whereas eri/muga output has risen. Agro-ecological conditions such as high rainfall, humidity, and altitudinal diversity suit forest-based eri and muga systems, but also pose challenges, most commonly temperature stress and pest outbreaks. Economically, sericulture can yield higher, more stable incomes than many crops, though market linkages are weak and price volatility is a major threat. Institutions provide schemes (Silk Samagra, state policies), but extension and credit often lag in most instances. NE-specific opportunities include branding of GI-protected muga, integration of sericulture with agroforestry (e.g., eri’s dual-use host plants), women’s empowerment, and sustainable production. Key constraints are disease management, poor seed and planting material supply, limited skilled labour, and fragmented value chains. Sericulture remains a high-potential rural sector in Northeast India, but requires coordinated policy support and research. We synthesize NE sericulture issues into a conceptual “viability” framework and recommend targeted interventions by state and central agencies, research institutes, and NGOs. A strategic research agenda that impacts evaluations, value-chain studies, gender analysis, and climate adaptation is outlined. The findings highlight data gaps, especially of state-level stats. and urge evidence-based policy to sustain NE sericulture.

Advances in Fish Masculinization Techniques for Sustainable Aquaculture

Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fish masculinization in aquaculture refers to a process that involves the development of secondary male sexual characteristics in female fish or the alteration of the normal sexual differentiation process. This term refers to the production of male-typical characteristics. Methods of masculinization typically involve hormonal treatment, natural variation, genetic manipulation, and temperature control. 17α-Methyltestosterone is use for hormonal treatment it is a synthetic derivative of testosterone, which is a male sex hormone (androgen). Use medicinal herbs and plants like papaya seed (Carica papaya) for natural variations. They have active ingredients like caricaine, carpasemine enzyme, and oleanolic glycoside, which has been shown androgenic effect. Genetic manipulation is done by selective breeding or genetic alteration to create fish with male sex chromosomes. For temperature control, the temperature at which eggs are incubated can influence the sex of the offspring. Aromatase inhibitors are also used as masculinization agents. They work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which turns the hormone androgen into small amounts of estrogen in the body. The benefits of masculinization include its potential to produce monosex populations, reduce the risk of breeding issues, and promote uniform growth. However, challenges such as hormone-related side effects, environmental concerns, and long-term sustainability must be addressed. This study examines the methods and results of fish masculinization procedures in aquaculture, emphasizing their use, advantages, and difficulties for various species. It also makes recommendations for future research directions in the quest for more effective and sustainable aquaculture methods.

A Review on Recent Advances in Silk Sericin, Extraction, Properties, Applications and Future Perspectives

Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Silk sericin, traditionally considered a waste by-product of the silk industry has recently gained attention as a multifunctional biomaterial with applications across biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical and environmental sectors. Its unique amino acid composition and bioactive properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects make it a promising candidate for next-generation products. The aim of this review is to consolidate recent advances in the extraction methods, structural properties and diverse applications of silk sericin, while highlighting its translational potential from laboratory research to industrial implementation. Special emphasis is given to sustainable recovery approaches and its role in the circular bioeconomy aligning with global priorities in green chemistry and waste valorization. In addition, the review identifies research gaps such as standardization of large-scale extraction, regulatory approval challenges and the need for long-term safety studies. By addressing these gaps future research can accelerate the transition of sericin from a discarded effluent into a high value biomaterial that bridges sericulture with modern healthcare, industry and sustainability.

A Literature Review on Vertical Adaptation Of Fixed Implant-Supported Prostheses: Conventional System Versus Cad/Cam System

Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: The present study aims to review the literature on the vertical adaptation of fixed implant prostheses, made by the conventional system and the CAD/CAM system.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at a training center for dentistry specialists in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during 2022.

Methodology: The methodology of this study consisted of a bibliographic search carried out in the main scientific databases in order to identify relevant publications on the vertical adaptation of implant-supported fixed prostheses. The search strategy employed keywords in both English and Portuguese, including Dental implants, Dental prosthesis fixed implant, and Prostheses and implants, combined through the Boolean operators AND and OR to optimize the retrieval of articles.

Results: The results revealed a better vertical adaptation in the use of CAD/CAM systems to obtain fixed prosthesis on implant when compared to conventional techniques and provided greater passivity for the fixed prosthesis/implant set, consequently better distribution of stresses on bone structures.

Conclusion: CAD/CAM systems for implant-supported fixed prostheses demonstrated superior vertical adaptation compared with conventional techniques, as well as greater passivity of the prosthesis–implant complex, resulting in improved stress distribution on the bone structures.

Integrating Multi-Omics, Bioinformatics and Genome Editing for Sustainable Sericulture

Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sericulture, centred on the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, is a millennia-old agro-based industry now facing challenges from climate variability, pathogen outbreaks, and the limitations of conventional breeding. Recent advances in molecular biology have revolutionised silkworm research, offering precision tools for genetic improvement and sustainable silk production. This review synthesises progress across three interconnected domains: multi-omics, bioinformatics, and genome editing. Genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies have provided system-level insights into silk gland biology, immune responses, stress tolerance, and dietary adaptation. Specialised bioinformatics platforms such as SilkDB, KAIKObase, and MorusDB enable integration of diverse datasets, facilitating gene discovery, trait prediction, and marker-assisted breeding. Concurrently, genome editing technologies—particularly CRISPR/Cas9—have transformed functional genomics and trait engineering, enabling targeted improvements in silk yield, fibre quality, disease resistance, and climate resilience. Emerging tools such as base and prime editors further expand the potential for precise genetic manipulation. By linking omics-driven target identification, bioinformatics-guided prioritisation, and genome editing–based validation, sericulture is entering a new era of precision breeding. This integrative framework accelerates the development of resilient, high-yielding silkworm strains but also broadens applications in biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, and sustainable agro-industrial systems. Together, these innovations position sericulture as a modern bioindustry capable of meeting global demands while preserving rural livelihoods and ecological balance.

Integrating Agronomic Practices and Plant Physiological Strategies to Enhance Fruit Yield under Climate Stress Conditions

Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climate stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, and erratic rainfall patterns have become significant barriers to sustainable fruit production. To maintain and improve fruit yields under such stressors, a combination of agronomic interventions and plant physiological approaches is essential. This review synthesizes the latest research on how agronomic practices—such as mulching, drip irrigation, nutrient management, and intercropping—when integrated with physiological strategies like stress-tolerant cultivars, hormonal priming, and antioxidant regulation, can enhance fruit yield resilience. Emphasis is laid on integrated approaches and case studies from tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops.

Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the Bloodstream as Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Management

Densingh Johnrose, Azaruddin Gohil — Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, with early detection and individualized treatment significantly improving patient outcomes. In recent years, biomarkers have emerged as pivotal tools in enhancing diagnostic precision, predicting therapeutic response, and monitoring disease progression. Among these, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and liquid biopsy techniques have gained substantial attention due to their non-invasive nature and potential to provide real-time insights into tumor dynamics.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the clinical utility of liquid biopsy and ctDNA as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer management.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed publications from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were selected based on relevance, recency, and clinical significance, focusing on techniques for ctDNA extraction, quantification, and mutational analysis, including digital PCR and next-generation sequencing.

Results/Findings: Emerging evidence highlights that ctDNA can reflect tumor heterogeneity, detect minimal residual disease (MRD), and predict relapse earlier than traditional imaging methods. Liquid biopsy offers a less invasive alternative for molecular profiling and treatment monitoring, especially in metastatic settings. Mutations in genes such as PIK3CA, ESR1, and TP53 detected through ctDNA have been correlated with resistance to endocrine therapy and targeted agents, aiding in treatment planning.

Conclusion: Liquid biopsy and ctDNA analysis represent a transformative approach in the precision medicine landscape of breast cancer. Their integration into clinical practice may optimize patient stratification, therapeutic decision-making, and surveillance. However, standardization of methods and validation through large-scale clinical trials are essential for routine implementation.

Evaluation of Different Insecticides against Lepidopteran Pests of Blackgram

SHOBHARANI M., RACHAPPA V H, SIDRAMAPPA — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The annual yield loss due to insect pests has been estimated at 30 per cent in black gram. As black gram is a short-duration crop, farmers primarily rely on pesticides for the management of insect pests. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a novel insecticides viz., chlorantraniliprole 18.50% SC, Novaluron 05.25%+ Indoxacarb 04.50% SC, Thiodicarb 75% WP, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Spinetoram 5.66% + Methoxyfenozide 28.3% SC, Flubendiamide 20% WG (Check) and Untreated control against lepidopteron pests in blackgram under field conditions during kharif - 2022 and 2023 at ARS, Bidar and ZARS, Kalaburagi, Karnataka.. Among the different insecticides evaluated, Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 % SC @ 0.2 ml/l and Novaluron 5.25% + Indoxacarb 4.5% SC @ 1.75 ml/l were proven to be the best treatments for the management of lepidopteron pests in black gram with an increase in the yields.

Assessment of Work Stress among Sanitary Workers

Metta Siresha, V. Vijaya Lakshmi — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: Sanitary workers play a significant role in maintaining cleanliness and public health. However, they operate in hazardous conditions and face several work-related challenges that contribute to high levels of stress. The study was intended to assess occupational stress experienced by sanitation workers and to identify workplace factors contributing to stress levels to guide workplace improvements to enhance well-being of the workers.

Study Design: A descriptive research design with random purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study to examine sanitation workers’ practices pertaining to occupational stress and challenges and the working conditions.

Place and Duration of Study: The study comprised sanitation workers from Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.

Methodology: Data was collected using the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Work-Related Stress Indicator Tool, which evaluated different factors such as workload, clarity of roles, managerial and peer support and interpersonal relationships and were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, like frequencies, percentages, total scores and mean scores and respondents were categorized into low, moderate and high stress levels by comparing frequency and percentage distributions.

Results: The findings from the study revealed that, an overall mean stress score of 3.28, reflected a moderate level of occupational stress. About 63.30% of respondents experienced moderate stress, 26.70% reported high stress and 10% reported low stress. Among the major factors that contributed to stress were workplace bullying, which was more significant with a mean score of 4.00, followed by the strain of emotionally demanding tasks (mean = 3.37) and the pressure of heavy workloads (mean = 2.77). Workers also expressed that having clear job roles (mean = 3.73) and receiving support from colleagues (mean = 3.63), which lessened the pressures faced in day-to-day work demands.

Conclusion: Sanitation workers were found to experience a moderate level of occupational stress. The findings revealed the need to workplace better by avoiding bullying, proper distribution of tasks and support from the employers and impart awareness on such issues to improve the overall wellbeing and quality of life of the workers.

The Impact of Stress, Burnout, Depression and Anxiety on Student Well-Being: Evidence from University Students

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between well-being, stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety at the University of Cape Coast. A sample of 279 students completed a validated self-report measures assessing well-being, perceived stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety using a comprehensive scale. Well-being was evaluated using a comprehensive well-being scale, while stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety were assessed using standardised instruments. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between the variables. The results indicated significant negative correlations between well-being, stress, burnout, depression and, anxiety. Higher levels of stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety were associated with lower levels of well-being among University of Cape Coast students. The findings of this study highlight the considerable impact of stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety on the well-being of University of Cape Coast students. These results underscore the importance of addressing these factors to support students' mental health and overall well-being. Targeted interventions focused on stress management, burnout prevention, and mental health support may be crucial in promoting a positive and thriving university experience for students. This study contributes to the growing literature on student mental health in Ghanaian higher education and highlights the need for institutional policies promoting holistic well-being.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management for Environmental Sustainability on Yield and Economics of Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.]

Nagendra Kumar Verma, Manisha, Ramnath — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of different integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on horsegram cultivation. Economic parameters such as cost of cultivation, gross return, net return, and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio were analyzed to determine the most profitable treatment. Among the treatments, the highest cost of cultivation (₹ 23,259.06 ha⁻¹) was recorded under (50% RDF + 50% N through FYM + Rhizobium culture + PSB), mainly due to the higher requirement of farmyard manure. However, the maximum gross return (₹ 47,588.38 ha⁻¹) and net return (₹ 27,645.26 ha⁻¹) were observed in (100% RDF + Rhizobium culture + PSB), followed by (100% RDF + Rhizobium culture). Correspondingly, the highest B:C ratio (1.39) was also recorded in, indicating its superior economic performance. The control plot consistently showed the lowest values across all economic parameters. The study concludes that 100% RDF + Rhizobium culture + PSB is the most economically efficient INM practice for horsegram production, providing the highest profitability with optimal input utilization.

Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Herbal Tea(s) Formulated from Spearmint (Mentha spicata) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves and Added Spices

Disha Panda, Devi Singh, Akhilesh Kushwaha — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Herbal teas are drawing focus in healthy lifestyles because of its richness in antioxidants, nutrients, and therapeutic agents. However, they have been used by Ayurveda for a long time. These types of tea blends do not have caffeine so they are very good for sleep and detoxification. The objective of this study was to measure the physicochemical properties of herbal teas prepared using mint (Mentha spicata) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves. Four treatments were constructed of T₁ (only mint leaves), T₂ (mint and moringa leaves), T₃(mint and moringa leaves, and spices), and T₄ (moringa leaves and spices). The total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, moisture, sugar content, calorific value and antioxidant activity were measured for each treatment. All treatments showed similar calorific values, between 353 and 354 calories per 100 grams. The highest antioxidant value of 152.51 micromoles TE per gram of dry weight was recorded for T₃. Data of total soluble solids were ranged from 2.50 °Brix to 2.60 °Brix, Titratable acidity range of 0.250% to 0.261%, total sugar range from 4.25% to 4.68%, and energy content ranges from 353.40Kcal to 353.66Kcal which were mostly similar across treatments. In conclusion T₃(mint and moringa leaves, and spices) was found to be the nutritionally superior among all other treatments, beneficial for the health and consumer friendly.

In vivo Safety Profiling of Nilavembu Kudineer and Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam in Zebrafish Embryos

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Siddha medicine is one of the most ancient medical systems of India in which Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam (NKC) and Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam (KKC) were commonly used preparations for various ailments.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the teratogenic effects and determine the LC50 values of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam (NKC) and Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam (KKC) using zebrafish embryos as a model.

Methodology: The study was conducted as per the OECD Test Guideline 236 using zebrafish embryos. Each group consisted of 20 embryos, with two replicates per drug. The aqueous extracts of NKC and KKC were prepared and for NKC, a dose range 750–12,000 µg/mL, while for KKC, it was 10–640 µg/mL were used as test concentrations. The developing embryos were monitored for mortality, hatchability, and developmental abnormalities at 5, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf).

Results: The LC50 value for NKC at 96 hpf was determined to be 2208 µg/mL, with no evidence of teratogenicity. For KKC, no mortality or teratogenic effects were observed at the tested concentrations.

Conclusion: The current findings demonstrates that NKC produces 50% mortality at the concentration of 2208 µg/mL, dose dependent hatchability and no developmental abnormalities up to 96 hpf. Whereas, KKC produced no mortality, teratogenicity and 100% hatchability at the tested concentrations up to 96 hpf.

Comparative Analysis of Chilli Farming Systems: A Decomposition and Partial Budgeting Approach in Andhra Pradesh, India

Aruna Kumari A, Praveen Kumar P — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study assesses the economic and productivity impacts of three chilli farming models—contract farming, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and traditional non-contract farming—in selected districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. A sample of 135 farmers was analyzed using partial budgeting and decomposition analysis. Results showed that FPO farmers achieved the highest net income and yield, followed by contract farmers, while non-contract farmers lagged behind. Partial budgeting revealed net gains of ₹5,147.10/ha for contract farmers and ₹28,197.13/ha for FPO farmers over non-contract farmers. Decomposition analysis indicated yield advantages of 23.17% for contract and 36.57% for FPO farmers, primarily driven by technological improvements rather than increased input use. These findings highlight the significant benefits of organized farming systems, especially FPOs, in boosting chilli productivity and profitability. Promoting such models can strengthen the economic resilience of smallholder chilli farmers and enhance sustainable agricultural practices in India. This can be achieved by strengthening institutional support for FPOs through access to credit, training, and collective marketing; encouraging fair and transparent contract farming arrangements with assured price mechanisms; improving extension services to disseminate advanced technologies; and fostering public–private partnerships.

Growth and Instability Analysis of Rice Production in India: A Zone Wise Study

Sambu Sindhuja, D.P. Malik — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was undertaken both comprehensively and intensively to study the growth rate and instability of rice production in India. Rice yields are also affected by pests, diseases like rice blast and weeds. Sustainable practices like integrated pest management and rice-duck farming help to mitigate these issues. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. It is a staple food for nearly half of the global population, especially in Asia and Africa. The study was carried out based on secondary data which was collected for the period from 1990-91 to 2021-22. Trend analysis, growth rates and instability indices were computed. Global data related to area, production, and productivity of different selected crops was collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stat. Results showed that the growth rate of area of rice was lower in all zones except negative growth in Southern and Eastern zones. The production growth rate was low in all zones except medium growth in Northern zone. The growth rate of productivity was low in all zones. Area, production and productivity showed low instability in rice. Therefore, it is essential to promote drought-resistant and flood-resistant rice varieties through agricultural research to reduce instability in rice due to over-reliance on monsoon rains and regional concentration (Punjab, Haryana for rice) and climate shocks (droughts, floods). Expand irrigation coverage and modernize irrigation systems to reduce dependence on erratic rainfall and ensures stable production across seasons.

Sustainable Value Addition of Sericulture By-products: Economic and Cultural Significance of Silk Cocoon Handicrafts

S.Menaka, T. Bhuvaneswari, V P. Mavilashaw, R.Kalpana, M. Sabarish, M.Mithilasri — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study explores the value addition potential of cut and pierced silkworm cocoons, a by-product of mulberry silkworm grainage operations, through the fabrication of innovative handicrafts. Eight types of bio-crafts cocoon flowers, flower vases, wall hangings, dream catchers, bird swings, single flower garlands, flower “bunch” garlands, and traditional cocoon pose (thoranam) were developed using dyed cocoons and locally available decorative materials. Fabrication methods involved shaping dyed cocoons into petals, leaves, and ornamental components, and assembling them with glue or stitching. Economic analysis revealed that the flower “bunch” garland provided the highest net profit (Rs. 245 per unit), followed by cocoon bird swing (Rs. 155) and cocoon flower vase (Rs. 150). Products such as wall hangings and single flower garlands offered quick turnover with low material costs. The results highlight the dual benefits of cocoon bio-crafts in promoting eco-friendly waste utilization and generating supplementary income, particularly for rural women and underemployed households. Adoption of cocoon handicrafts as a commercial activity could enhance value addition in the sericulture sector while preserving cultural heritage and supporting sustainable rural livelihoods.

Growth, Forage Yield, and Quality of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Genotypes under Different Phosphorus Levels

R V Kale, P S Takawale — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The shortage of green and dry fodder remains a significant challenge for the livestock and dairy sectors. Currently, the country is facing a deficit in both green fodder and dry fodder. This is primarily due to the limited area under fodder cultivation, which directly impacts overall fodder availability. To address this issue, there is a pressing need either to expand the area under fodder crops or to adopt advanced production technologies that maximize yield per unit area. Among various fodder crops, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) stands out as a crucial legume cultivated during the winter season globally. Fertilizers, particularly phosphorus, play a key role in optimizing crop productivity. Phosphorus is essential for energy transfer in root nodules and also contributes significantly to root development, nutrient uptake, and overall plant growth.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of different promising berseem genotypes under varied phosphorus application levels for growth, yield and quality parameters.

Study Design: The field research experiment was undertaken in the Split-Plot Design.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted during rabi season of 2023-24 under the AICRP on Forage Crops at BAIF’s Central Research Station, Urulikanchan, Pune, MS.

Methodology: The experiment was undertaken with four promising genotypes of berseem along 2 checks as main treatment and three phosphorus levels as sub main treatments. A flat bed of size 4x3 m was prepared and seeds of each genotype were sown at 30 cm spacing. A full dose of phosphorus (as per treatments) supplemented with 20kgha^-1urea were applied to each treatment before sowing. Irrigation was given as per the crop requirement and other agronomic package of practices were kept similar to all the treatments.

Result: Among the genotypes evaluated, JB-08-17 recorded the tallest plants with 66.10 cm, while PC-114 exhibited the highest leaf stem ratio of 0.772. In terms of green fodder yield, JHB-20-2 recorded the highest yield of 967.36 q/ha, followed by PC-114 with 966.72 q/ha. PC-114 also produced the significantly highest dry fodder yield (134.19 q/ha) and crude protein yield (28.79 q/ha). Application of 100 kg P₂O₅ per hectare resulted in the maximum average plant height of 63.08 cm, whereas the highest leaf stem ratio (0.69) was observed with 80 kg P₂O₅ per hectare. Phosphorus application at 100 kg/ha led to the maximum yield of green fodder (959.29 q/ha), dry matter (114.38 q/ha), and crude protein (23.68 q/ha). These results highlight the potential of specific berseem genotypes and optimal phosphorus application levels to enhance fodder productivity and contribute to addressing the ongoing deficit in green and dry fodder availability.

Mapping Career Guidance Opportunities for Senior Secondary Students: A Comparative Study Across Three Indian States

Nishita Singh, Deepika Vig, Asha Chawla Thakral — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Career guidances opens doors to informed choices, helping individuals align their strengths with the right professional paths. It empowers students and professionals to explore diverse industries, understand trends and set achievable goals. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between career guidance opportunities and career decision making among 900 senior secondary students across socio-cultural zones of three states viz. Punjab, Haryana and Uttarakhand. A self-structured career guidance opportunities checklist was used to assess career decision making levels of the career guidance opportunities checklist. The findings indicated that overall higher proportion of the respondents reported a moderate level of career guidance across all the regions of the three states. The highest proportion of respondents from Punjab, irrespective of the genders, had received moderate level of career guidance except for the boys of Majha reporting high career guidance. Similar results were also found across all the regions of Haryana and Uttarakhand except for the girls in Garhwal region receiving high level of career guidance.

Heat Stress, Antioxidant Supplementation and HSP70 mRNA Expression in Growing Pigs

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Heat stress poses significant challenges to livestock productivity, particularly in pigs, due to their limited thermoregulatory mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal effects of heat stress on growth performance, haematological and hormonal level, as well as the relative mRNA expression of HSP70 in growing pigs supplemented with melatonin and vitamin E. Results showed that haematological parameters, serum cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase, and average body weight were adversely affected during the summer season. While antioxidant supplementation did not significantly influence haematological profiles or LDH levels, it reduced cortisol levels during summer. Vitamin E supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in HSP70 mRNA expression during summer, indicating improved oxidative stability. Seasonal variations notably affect pigs' growth and health, with vitamin E supplementation reducing HSP70 expression during summer, highlighting the challenges of tropical climates.

Women’s Economic Empowerment through Village Banking: Evidence from Kaunda Square Stage One, Lusaka

Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Women in many developing countries remain excluded from mainstream economic growth, prompting targeted strategies to enhance participation. Evidence on village banking in urban Zambia is limited. This study examines the impact of village banking on women’s economic well-being in Kaunda Square, Lusaka.

Using a convergent mixed-methods, descriptive cross-sectional design, we collected structured survey data and semi-structured interviews concurrently from 90 randomly selected participants. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis show that access to small loans and collective savings is associated with gains in household income, business expansion, healthcare access, and children’s education, an indication that village banking can meaningfully foster women’s economic independence in urban contexts. However, the study also identified operational constraints such as short repayment cycles and weak record-keeping which may dampen sustainability. We recommend strengthening financial literacy, extending repayment periods, and instituting robust governance and accountability mechanisms.

By providing context-specific evidence from an under-researched urban setting, the study contributes to debates on women’s economic empowerment and offers practical guidance for policymakers, microfinance institutions, and development partners designing inclusive, sustainable financial interventions.

Evaluation of Optimum Doses of Nitrogen in Relation to Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in Balaghat Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Mon, 08 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of the brinjal variety Pusa Purple Long. The research was conducted at the Horticulture Department's field within the School of Agriculture Science, Technology and Research at Sardar Patel University, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, during the Rabi season of 2023. The experiment utilised a Randomised Block Design (RBD) featuring eight treatments, each replicated three times. The treatment combinations consisted of different doses of nitrogen. The findings indicated that T8 (N at 230 kg/ha, P at 150 kg/ha, K at 100 kg/ha) significantly enhanced vegetative growth (including plant height and number of branches per plant) and yield attributes (such as number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and overall fruit yield). Additionally, T8 yielded the highest net returns and one of the most favorable benefit-cost ratios. Therefore, the integrated application of nutrients is recommended to boost crop productivity and improve the overall performance of brinjal in the Balaghat region of Madhya Pradesh.

In vitro Performance of a Pomegranate Dentifrice on Complete Dentures: A Step toward Natural Oral Care

Mon, 08 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of brushing with an experimental pomegranate dentifrice (PD) on heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens, comparing it with a commercial dentifrice (CD) not specifically designed for dentures and distilled water (DW).

Place and Duration of Study: Research Laboratory of the Graduate Program in Dentistry at the Federal University of Ceará, located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Methodology: Thirty acrylic resin specimens (n = 10) underwent five cycles of 17,800 brush strokes, simulating 60 months of accumulated brushing. The specimens were assessed for roughness, surface microhardness, mass loss, and color stability initially (T0) and after each cycle (T1: 12 months; T2: 36 months; T3: 60 months). The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post-test.

Results: Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences for the assessed parameters. However, intragroup analysis indicated a significant increase in microhardness for the PD group (P = 0.01) and heightened surface roughness in the CD group (P < 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that this experimental pomegranate-based dentifrice is a viable option for brushing complete dentures without compromising their structural integrity, representing a promising candidate for future denture cleaning protocols.

Conclusion: The pomegranate dentifrice neither adversely affected surface roughness nor caused significant changes in mass or color of the acrylic resin. As such, it shows potential as a natural alternative to conventional denture cleansers, although further studies are needed to assess its biofilm removal efficacy and confirm its fungicidal effects.

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Endophytes from Different Banana (Musa sp.) Cultivars across Tamil Nadu, India

Rajkumar Sudharsan, Chinnan Kannan — Mon, 08 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Banana (Musa spp.) is a major fruit crop in Tamil Nadu, but its productivity is severely affected by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Chemical management provides only limited, unsustainable control, emphasizing the need for eco-friendly approaches. Beneficial bacterial endophytes, which colonize plant tissues without causing harm, offer promise for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of pathogens. The present study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes from diverse banana cultivars across major growing regions of Tamil Nadu, with the long-term goal of developing sustainable disease management strategies. A survey-based experimental study was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, in collaboration with banana fields between July 2023 and May 2024. Field surveys were carried out in five districts representing AAA and AB genome groups cultivated on different soil types. Healthy pseudo stem and root tissues were collected, surface sterilized, and cultured on nutrient agar. Pure isolates were characterized through colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical assays (starch hydrolysis, citrate utilization, indole production, catalase, oxidase, methyl red). Genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB method, and 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified using universal primers. Ten morphologically distinct bacterial endophytes were identified. Gram-positive isolates included Bacillus thuringiensis and B. velezensis, while Gram-negative isolates comprised Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes sp., Myroides odoratimimus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Providencia stuartii. The isolates exhibited diverse colony and biochemical traits. Notably, Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. are known for biocontrol and growth promotion, underscoring their potential for integration into eco-friendly management strategies against Fusarium wilt in banana cultivation.

Water Quality Index-based Groundwater Assessment for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India

Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Groundwater is an essential water resource for drinking and irrigation, especially in semi-arid areas such as Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India. This research assesses groundwater quality both for drinking and agriculture using standard water quality indices. 48 groundwater samples were gathered from 44 villages in the premonsoon season of 2021 and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), and major anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₂⁻+NO₃⁻) as well as fluoride. Drinking water quality was determined via Water Quality Index (WQI), while irrigation suitability was determined via Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and Sodium Percentage (Na%). Results indicated that 23% of the samples were excellent, 43% good, 25% poor, and 9% unsuitable for consumption. 82% of the samples had low sodium hazard as per SAR, 77% were good as per RSC, and 37% doubtful as per Na%. Spatial analysis showed that the deterioration in groundwater quality was stronger in the east and center of the district, which pointed out the area of concern. The research presents new, location-specific information that can be used to develop sustainable groundwater management measures such as monitoring, remediation, and policy planning. These results emphasize the necessity of continuous monitoring of groundwater quality for guaranteeing safe drinking water supply and sustainable agricultural production in areas with intense farming and industrial pursuits.

Response of Transplanted Finger Millet to Integrated Nutrient Management under Central Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Manoj Korade, V. V. Panchal, A.A. Kawade, Tirunima Patle, Hiral Gundaniya — Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Vermicompost technology for composting of organic wastes is remarkably effective for reducing the processing time of decomposition and producing good quality compost in terms of nutrients. It serves as an important component of an integrated plant nutrient supply system for balanced fertilization, along with maintaining health to sustain the productivity of soils. This study aimed to find out the best combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for maximum production of transplanted finger millet. The experiment was conducted during kharif, 2024, at a new experimental cum demonstration field, SVIAg, SVVV, Indore. The field experiment was carried out in randomized block design with eight treatments consisted of T₁ – Absolute control, T₂ – RDF, T₃– 75% RDF + 25% RDN through FYM, T₄ - 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM, T₅ - 75% RDF + 25% RDN through vermicompost, T₆ - 50% RDF + 50% RDN through vermicompost, T₇ - 75% RDF + 25% RDN through poultry manure, T₈ - 50% RDF + 50% RDN through poultry manure and each experimental unit was replicated thrice having the gross plot size of 3.60 x 4.50 m² and net plot 2.15 x 4.30 m². This experiment tested the recommended finger millet variety, Dapoli 3. Treatment, 75% RDF + 25% RDN through poultry manure recorded significantly maximum growth characters viz., plant height (99.33 cm), number of leaves (16.27 ) plant^-1 at 90 DAT, number of tillers hill^-1(13.97) and dry matter accumulation plant^-1( 59.97 gm) at harvest, yield contributing character such as number of effective tillers (11.73), number of fingers earhead^-1 (7.83) and finger length (7.07 cm) grain yield (12.56 q ha^-1), straw yield (25.28 q ha^-1) and biological yield (37.84 q ha^-1) over rest of the treatments and was on par with treatment 50% RDF and 50% RDN through poultry manure and RDF. While the lowest values were observed under absolute control. Consequently, this treatment resulted in higher growth, yield attributes and yield as compared to the remaining treatments. Hence, it is advisable to apply 75% RDF + 25% RDN through poultry manure to get the maximum yield of finger millet.

Exploring the Link between Social Exclusion, Spirituality and Well-being of Undergraduate University Students

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Some students may become withdrawn or experience psychological difficulties that influence their spiritual well-being and other dimensions of their lives. This study investigates the impact of social exclusion and spirituality on the well-being of tertiary students, with a focus on students at the University of Cape Coast. Using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design, 200 undergraduate students from diverse religious backgrounds were surveyed. Two distinct questionnaires were employed as data collection instruments. The data was analysed using the Haye’s Mediation Analysis. The findings revealed high levels of spirituality among the participants. There was no statistically significant relationship found between social exclusion and well-being (r = -0.055, p = 0.437), However, a strong positive relationship was found between spirituality and well-being (r = 0.641, p < 0.001). A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between social exclusion and spirituality (r = 0.168, p = 0.017). Mediation analysis showed that spirituality significantly mediates the relationship between social exclusion and well-being. The findings highlight the importance of fostering spiritual practices and addressing social exclusion to improve student well-being. Among other recommendations, it was suggested that universities incorporate spiritual development initiatives into their curricula and that counsellors organise programmes to address students’ emotional needs. It is therefore concluded that the discovery that spirituality mediates the association between well-being and social exclusion contributes to research indicating that spirituality serves as a buffer for students who are subjected to social exclusion.

Nutritional and Organoleptic Evaluation of Fiber-Rich Biscuit Fortified with Dragon Fruit peel

Suresh Bhise, Patel Dharmendrakumar, Preeti Shukla, Sabbu Sangeeta — Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dragon fruit peel is a by-product of dragon fruit processing industry. The powder was prepared from fruit peel and utilized to make healthy and nutritious fiber rich biscuits. The biscuits were prepared by incorporating the 30, 40 and 50% level of dragon fruit peel. The baking and sensory properties of prepared biscuits were studied. Replacement of wheat flour upto 50% of dragon fruit peel powder is organoleptically accepted as well as fiber content was found maximum in dragon fruit peel powder biscuits (DFPB₅₀). The overall acceptability of DFPB₅₀ was 7.75 as compared to control (DFPB₀). The fiber content of biscuits made with 50% incorporation of dragon fruit peel powder was 7.60 % as compared to control biscuits (1.10 %). Biscuits made up with half of wheat flour and half of dragon fruit peel powder was nutritionally rich as well as organoleptically acceptable.

Incidence and Storage-related Infestation of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in Stored Bengal Gram: Insights from Major Growing Districts of West Bengal, India

Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Field surveys were conducted in the year 2021–22 to assess the infestation of the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., in farmer-stored Bengal gram seeds across Birbhum and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal. Five blocks from each district were selected, with five farmers surveyed per block, totaling 100 seed samples. Parameters assessed included moisture content, seed damage, and storage methods. Average moisture content and seed damage were 11.86% and 3.66% in Birbhum and 12.09% and 3.69% in Murshidabad. Rampurhat-II (Birbhum) and Suti-I (Murshidabad) showed the highest moisture and seed damage, while Suri-II (Birbhum) and Raghunathganj-I (Murshidabad) recorded the lowest. Infestation was strongly correlated with moisture: only 12.5% of samples with less than 10% moisture were infested, rising to 100% in those with more than 13%. Plastic bags (40%) were the most used storage method, followed by drums, metal bins, gunny bags, loose storage, and earthen pots. Metal bins had the lowest infestation (11.11%), while earthen pots had the highest (100%). No storage structure was entirely pest-free, underscoring the urgent need for improved post-harvest storage practices.

Comparative Studies on the Impact of Insecticides against Aphid, (Aphis gossypii Glover) on Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

Bharat Lal, Devendra Vishwakarma, Dheerendra Singh, Babita Baghel — Thu, 11 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of newer insecticide against aphid on okra during 2018 and 2019. All the treatments were significantly effective over control plots in reducing the aphid population. The aphid population in treated plots ranged from 1.20 to 4.68 aphids per six leaves as against 6.29 aphids per six leaves in untreated plots. Data computed on per cent reducing in aphid population indicate that 25.7 to 80.9% population may be reduced by spraying of different insecticides. Among the insecticidal treatments, imidacloprid 17.8SL @100 ml/ha (1.20 aphids per six leaves) found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 25WG @100 gm/ha and acetamiprid 20SP @120 gm/ha. Whereas, emamectin benzoate 5SG @200 gm/ha (4.68 aphids/six leaves) found least effective in both the years.

Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Patients Rehabilitated with Clasp-Retained Removable Partial Dentures

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of partially edentulous patients rehabilitated with clasp-retained removable partial dentures (CR-RPD) at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza campus.

Place and Duration of Study: Removable Partial Denture Clinic of the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing of the Federal University of Ceará located in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, between February 2023 and March 2024.

Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study was conducted with 45 participants. Data were collected in the first week after CR-RPD placement using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Seven dimensions of oral health-related quality of life were assessed. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (P < 0.05).

Results: It was evidenced that most participants were female (75.6%) and aged between 51 and 70 years (64.5%). The most affected domains were physical pain, psychological discomfort, and emotional disability, while social aspects were less compromised. Patients rehabilitated with mandibular CR-RPDs alone showed higher OHIP-14 scores, suggesting a greater negative impact, although not statistically significant. No significant associations were found with age or type of rehabilitation; however, women reported greater emotional vulnerability (P = 0.003).

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive rehabilitative approach that addresses not only masticatory function and aesthetics but also the subjective and psychosocial aspects of tooth loss, emphasizing clinical listening and individual needs.

Effects of Varying Nitrogen Levels on the Yield and Quality of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Assessing various nitrogen application rates on cowpea yield is critical because of the crop's important contribution to food security and sustainable agricultural practices. Cowpea serves as a key source of protein and essential nutrients, particularly in areas characterized by low rainfall and poor soil quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of the cowpea variety Kashi Kanchan. The study conducted at the Horticulture Department's field within the School of Agriculture Research and Technology at Sardar Patel University in Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, during the Kharif season of 2023, utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) featuring eight treatments, each replicated three times. The findings from this research indicated that the treatment T6 (N at 35 kg/ha combined with PK at 75 and 60 kg/ha) significantly enhanced vegetative growth, achieving a plant height of 81.80 cm at 60 days after sowing and an average of 24.40 branches per plant. Additionally, it positively influenced yield characteristics, including a pod length of 32.39 cm, a pod diameter of 1.40 cm, and a maximum of 110.41 pods per plant, with a pod weight of 18.88 grams and a pod yield of 64.33 quintals per hectare. T6 also yielded the highest net returns and a favorable benefit-cost ratio of 1.50. Therefore, applying nitrogen at 35 kg/ha is recommended to enhance cowpea productivity and overall performance in the Balaghat region.

An Action Research for the Implementation of Learner Centred Approach for Students’ Achievement: A Case Study of Samora Machel Secondary School Manjacaze, Mozambique

Agostinho Isseu Basilio Cavele — Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The educational system in Mozambique has been undergoing transformation since the national independence in 1975. Despite, Education in Mozambique has traditionally been teacher centred, where the attention and activities are especially on teacher and little attention paid to learners. The implementation of these approaches Mozambican Secondary Schools is a very important by becoming learners’ active participants of the learning process and take responsibility. Even though, it was found out that these approaches are not accordingly adopted inn some schools and consequently the students’ performance is not desirable. Therefore, the learner-centred approach provides a practical and viable alternative to activate learners, and help them find out for themselves the grammar rules. Teachers try their best to help students learn the second language by themselves as much as possible, and they pay special attention to learners’ needs when they are preparing the syllabus, the materials or the texts they are going to use in the classroom, because they are going to bring bright or positive impact in teaching and learning process.

Effects of Dietary Turmeric Powder Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Konkan Kanyal Goats

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder supplementation on nutrient digestibility, feed utilization and haemato-biochemical parameters in Konkan Kanyal kids. Twenty weaned kids were randomly divided into five treatment groups: T₁ (control, no turmeric), T₂ (3 g/day), T₃ (6 g/day), T₄ (9 g/day) and T₅ (12 g/day). Nutrient digestibility improved progressively with increasing turmeric levels, with dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and ash digestibility rising from 81.37%, 74.17%, 77.51%, 77.58%, 61.02% and 71.22% in T₁ to 84.96%, 78.74%, 80.67%, 81.85%, 64.13% and 77.23% in T₅, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency was highest in T₄ (FCR: 9.68), indicating efficient nutrient utilization. Haemato-biochemical observations revealed improved haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts, along with a dose-dependent reduction in serum cholesterol, with the most pronounced effects observed in T₅ (12 g turmeric powder supplementation), without any adverse impact on immune status. Overall, turmeric supplementation enhanced digestibility, feed efficiency and metabolic health, confirming its potential as a safe phytogenic feed additive in goats.

Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in School-aged Children Infected with Giardia lamblia and Plasmodium Spp. in Owerri West, Imo State, Nigeria

Nwachukwu, J. C., Anyalogbu, E. A. A., Nwachukwu, A. A — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Parasitic infections such as giardiasis and malaria are endemic in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa and disproportionately affect children. It remain a significant public health challenge, particularly among school-aged children in developing countries, where access to clean water and healthcare is limited. This study investigated the haematological and biochemical alterations associated with infections of Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp. and their co-infection among pupils aged 5–15 years in Owerri West LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 108 stool and blood samples were analysed using standard parasitological, haematological and biochemical techniques. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Prevalence rates showed that 72.22% of the pupils were infected with at least one parasite: 25.64% were infected with G. lamblia alone, 43.5% with Plasmodium spp., and 30.76% had co-infections, while 27.78% were parasite-free. Haematological results showed lower values in red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) among infected groups compared to the control group. RBC ranged from 1.40 × 10¹²± 0.02 /L in co-infected pupils to 2.90 × 10¹² ± 0.60/L in Giardia-infected pupils, compared to 4.15× 10¹² ± 0.40/L in controls. PCV dropped from 36.45 ± 0.21% in controls to as low as 23.12 ± 0.33% in co-infected individuals. MCV followed a similar trend, falling from 81.4 ± 0.68 fL in controls to 63.0 ± 1.04 fL in co-infected cases. Biochemical analysis revealed reductions in serum total protein and albumin among infected pupils. The total protein in the control group was 8.1 ± 0.46 g/100 mL, while the co-infected pupils had 3.40 ± 0.30 g/100 mL. Albumin levels also declined, with co-infected pupils showing 2.18 ± 0.04 g/100ml compared to 4.25 ± 0.03 g/100ml in controls. The observed alterations demonstrate the impact of parasitic infections, particularly in cases of co-infection, highlighting the clinical implications and need for targeted intervention to mitigate health risks in affected populations. The alterations observed in red blood cell indices, white blood cell counts, and protein levels collectively demonstrate the impact of parasitic infections, particularly in cases of co-infection, highlighting the clinical implications and need for targeted intervention to mitigate health risks in affected populations.

Bottlenecks Affecting Cold Storage Entrepreneurs and Capacity Utilization of Cold Storage Facilities

Devarashetti Uma Mahesh, Anoop. M — Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study is significant as it highlights the major problems faced by cold storage entrepreneurs in a key chilli-producing region of Telangana. The cold storage entrepreneurs experience challenges such as the high cost of investment, interest, maintenance, and electricity, along with issues of heavy competition and fire risk. By analysing capacity utilization patterns across large, medium, and small cold storages, the study provides valuable insights into the efficiency and sustainability of cold storage operations. These findings are important for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders in designing strategies to reduce losses, optimize storage capacity, and improve the profitability of cold storage enterprises in agricultural regions.

Khammam, one of the largest chilli-producing districts in Telangana, hosts a considerable number of cold storages that face financial and operational challenges. To assess these issues, 39 cold storage units were studied, including 13 large (130,000 bags), 17 medium (100,000 bags), and 9 small (80,000 bags) units. Data collected over the last five years were analysed using the Likert scale technique. The study revealed that high investment cost, interest rates, electricity charges, and maintenance expenses were the major financial problems, while heavy competition and fire risk were general concerns. Despite these constraints, large, medium, and small units recorded average capacity utilization of 90.5%, 88%, and 96% respectively. The findings indicate that although capacity utilization remains high, addressing financial and infrastructural issues is essential to improve the long-term sustainability of cold storage enterprises in the region.

The Use of Therapeutic Ultrasound in the Management of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Clinical, Cross-Sectional and Quantitative Study

Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: To manage the temporomandibular disorders (TMD), one of the resources used is therapeutic ultrasound (UST).

Objective: To evaluate the use of therapeutic ultrasound in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Methods: This is a clinical study, which 42 individuals,aged 18-73 years, diagnosed with TMD were recruited. Participants then bit into a wooden spacer until they felt fatigue in the masseter muscle, with time assessed on both sides(right and left), followed by chewing gum. Subsequently,USD was applied to the masseter (at a frequency of 2.0 W=0.52W/cm² for 4 minutes) and the wooden spacer test was repeated to assess the time of fatigue in this muscle.

Results: The most affected age group was up to 28 years old (52.4%), and females (73.8%) (p<0.05). Regarding the amount of fatigue, there was a decrease on the left side in the control group and on both sides in the TMD group, with a significant difference (P=0.0049) for the left side when evaluating before and after the treatment.When comparing times, the TMD group also showed the greatest reduction, (P=0.0012) for the left side.

Conclusion: It is concluded that ultrasound therapy promoted immediate improvement in the tightening of the wooden spacer,causing muscle relaxation through the heat applied,reducing fatigue in the masseter muscle.

Teaching with Compassion and Mindfulness: Correlating Workplace Spirituality and Professional Competence among Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP) Teachers

Elden D. Orbeta — Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the relationship between workplace spirituality and the professional competence of Edukasyon sa Pagapapakatao (EsP) teachers in the Division of Panabo City. To gather data, researchers utilized the Workplace Spirituality Scale along with three years of Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) ratings from 2019 to 2022, involving 306 teachers across four districts. The approach taken was quantitative, non-experimental, and descriptive-correlational. The results revealed that teachers exhibited a high level of workplace spirituality, particularly in compassion, meaningful work, transcendence, and mindfulness. Correlation analysis confirmed significant relationships between certain aspects of spirituality and teaching effectiveness. However, regression analysis indicated that workplace spirituality alone didn’t significantly predict professional competence, suggesting that other elements like leadership, ethical conduct, and ongoing professional development could play a more crucial role. Professional competence consistently registered at the Outstanding level. Correlation analysis confirmed significant relationship between select domains of workplace spirituality – especially compassion and mindfulness – and professional competence. However, regression analysis indicated that workplace spirituality alone did not significantly predict competence, suggesting that other determinants such as ethical behavior, leadership, and ongoing professional development may exert stringer influence. The findings underscore the importance of cultivating not only a values-driven work but also sustained professional growth to enhance teaching effectiveness. This study offers actionable insights for education leaders and policymakers. By aligning values formation with competence-building, the the findings support more response, human-centered policies that elevate the quality of EsP instruction and reinforce the broader goals of values education in the Philippine context.

Impact of Risk Asset Management on Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The financial feat of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria is influential to its economic growth and development. DMBs generally play a vital role in the development of the economy. The major role of a bank is embedded in its intermediation function of transferring funds from surplus units to the deficit units through lending activities. This study investigated the effect of risk asset management on the financial performance of selected listed DMBs in Nigeria. The study applied a descriptive and ex-post facto research design. The sample size was twelve (12) listed deposit money banks selected from a population of all the listed deposit banks within the period of study from 2012-2022. Data for the study were extracted from secondary sources, specifically annual reports and accounts of the selected deposit money banks for the period. Data generated for this study were analysed using the panel Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) of the E-Views 10 statistical package. The results revealed that loans and advances, as well as investment securities, have a significant positive influence on the return on equity of DMBs in Nigeria. The values of m-statistics for both AR (1) and AR (2) of -0.980663 and 0.035556 have proven to be insignificant at 5% level (p-values of 0.3268 and 0.9716 are both > 0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis that proposes the absence of serial correlation is not rejected, and it is concluded that there is no serial correlation in the series. The probability of the J-statistic of 8.380227 is reported as 0.397237, and this affirms the validity of the model as supporting evidence for the results obtained using the first differences transformation. The study concluded that risk asset management has a significant positive impact on the financial performance in accordance with the A priori expectation of the study. The study therefore recommends that risk assets of deposit money banks should be consistently analysed and classified to reduce the level of non-performing loans, while resources should be channelled in the area of loans and advances and in investment securities as they impact positively on the returns generated by listed deposit money banks in Nigeria.

Study of Ichthyofaunal Diversity with Reference to Water Quality in Lower Lake of Bhopal, India

Somashree Bhakta, Shriparna Saxena — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Biodiversity is the concept of variety and variability of living organisms. Biodiversity includes not only the variety of species but also include genetic diversity, habitats, and ecological communities. Preserving biodiversity is crucial for protecting nature and ensuring a future for generations. Advancements in technologies as like remote sensing; robotic equipment improved our understanding of biodiversity on levels from genes to ecosystems.

Aim: The present study examined the ichthyofaunal diversity and several ecological influencers of the diversity in the Lower Lake, Bhopal, during 2023-2024.

Materials and Method: A total of 19 species of fish were recorded across 6 orders, and 9 families, all indication a taxonomically diverse assemblage. For water quality parameters, water was collected from the sampling station in the mornings between 7 am and 11 am of each month. Air temperature, water temperature, pH, DO, CO2, total alkalinity, and total hardness were recorded. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef's Richness Index and Simpson's Diversity Index was measured for estimation of biodiversity of fish species in various habitats of the lake.

Results and Discussion: The fish community is primarily dominated by Cypriniformes (65%) and followed by Ophiocephaliformes (15%) and Perciformes (10%), with the others being negligible. The prominent species were Labeo rohita, Labeo catla, and Cyprinus carpio, all which have economic significance. Most of the species present in the study area were Least Concern (LC) by IUCN, except for Cyprinus carpio (VU) and Mystus vittatus (NT). Diversity analysis indicated that the fish diversity was strongest in the winter due to substantial species richness and evenness, as observed with higher Shannon (H = 2.835) and Simpson (1-D = 0.9357) diversity indices and less dominance in the fish communities. Correlation analysis of the data found that physicochemical variables like temperature and pH, and dissolved oxygen are closely co-distributed with key species distribution. Generalist trophic levels, such as the Siluriformes and Cypriniformes eating and feeding simplicity likely increased their presence due to high ecological flexibility than the other orders of fish which likely occupied similar space but had less representation due to habitat selection, or low tolerance to fluctuations in environmental conditions.

Conclusion: The research emphasizes the effects of seasonal variation and human-induced management, and stresses fish community composition in urban wetlands, thus accenting the need for habitat preservation and water quality management to support aquatics biodiversity. The study will help to understand the present status of fish diversity in Lower Lake (Ramsar Site), one of the twine lake of Bhoj Wetland.

Survey and Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Banana in Major Growing Regions of Tamil Nadu, India

Vanitha A, Kannan C — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The survey-based experimental study was conducted from July 2023 to May 2024 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, and in banana fields across major banana-growing regions of the state. Surveys were carried out in twenty locations covering six districts, representing AAA, AAB, ABB, and AB genome groups under different soil types. Infected pseudostem tissues were surface-sterilized and cultured on potato dextrose agar medium, and the resulting isolates were characterized based on colony morphology and conidial dimensions of macroconidia, microconidia, and chlamydospores. Genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB method, and the ITS region was amplified with universal primers ITS4/5, sequenced, and analyzed through BLAST and phylogenetic inference in MEGA 7. A total of twenty morphologically distinct isolates were obtained, and their cultural and conidial features were documented. The BLAST search confirmed the identity of the isolates as Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense with an amplicon size of 500 bp. The study revealed that banana cultivation in Tamil Nadu was severely affected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, thereby highlighting the urgent need for region-specific disease management strategies, particularly the identification and promotion of resistant cultivars. Furthermore, continuous molecular surveillance and pathogen monitoring were considered essential for detecting the emergence of highly virulent strains and for ensuring sustainable banana production in the region.

Optimization of Spray Drying Parameters for Passion Fruit Juice Powder: Physicochemical and Quality Evaluation

K.S. Fathima, P. Fathima Rinshana, G.K. Rajesh, N.P. Shamna, K.K. Ajeeshkumar — Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Passion fruit is rich in juice and valued for its pleasant flavour, aroma, and nutritional profile, but its high perishability limits direct utilization. In this study, spray drying was employed to convert yellow passion fruit juice into a stable powder using a maltodextrin–corn starch (3:2) carrier system. Seventeen experimental trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of wall material concentration (15%, 17.5%, and 20% w/v), inlet air temperature (150°C, 160°C, and 170°C) and feed pump speed (8, 10, and 12 rpm) on quality parameters of spray dried powder. The effects of wall material concentration, inlet air temperature, and feed pump speed were evaluated using a Box–Behnken response surface methodology design. The process was optimized at 12% maltodextrin, 8% corn starch, 165 °C inlet temperature, and 12 rpm feed pump speed, resulting in a powder yield of 61.23% with low moisture content (1.62%), excellent dispersibility (89.32%), and rapid wettability (12.42 s). The optimized powder also retained desirable colour characteristics (ΔE = 20.37), ensuring good reconstitution properties. These findings demonstrate that optimized spray drying can significantly improve the shelf stability and functional quality of passion fruit juice powder, supporting its application in the food and nutraceutical industry.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Tagetes erecta L. Grown in Northeastern Brazil

Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aims: Faced with the increase in microbial infections linked to the phenomenon of drug resistance, research with natural products is promising. Tagetes erecta L., known as "cravo-de-defunto" in Brazil, is an ornamental plant used in folk medicine as an antimicrobial and to treat skin infections, fever, and digestive disorders. This study aimed to describe the chemical composition and report the antimicrobial activity of T. erecta.

Study Design: The medicinal plant was collected in the state of Ceará, Brazil, followed by extraction of the essential oil, using the hydrodistillation method. This study was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy to the essential oil. In addition, agar-well diffusion, and broth microdilution methods to the antimicrobial assays.

Place and Duration of Study: Ceara State University, Fortaleza, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018.

Methodology: T. erecta essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation in a modified Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity was performed by agar-well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria.

Results: Fourteen components, representing 87.99% of the oil, were identified. Monoterpenoid ketones represented the main fraction with piperitone (45.72 %) as the major constituent. The agar well-in method using EO exhibited high activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermitis, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. mirabilis. EO from T. erecta was more active against Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria.

Conclusion: The essential oil of T. erecta showed strong antibacterial activity against important human pathogenic Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria probably due to the antibacterial compound piperitone, which is present in high yield, nevertheless synergism could occur with other minor active constituents. In silico molecular docking studies are needed to investigate possible pharmacological mechanisms of action.

A Study of Product Portfolio of Refrigerated and Frozen Product Offerings by Gujarat Dairy Cooperatives

Zeel Modi, Mahendra D. Gurjar — Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study explores the strategic diversification of value-added dairy and non-dairy products developed by Gujarat-based cooperatives, with a focus on GCMMF’s flagship brand, Amul. The research investigates how these cooperatives have evolved their product portfolios beyond traditional liquid milk to include a wide array of refrigerated and frozen items such as ice creams, cheeses, paneer variants, and gourmet frozen foods. Employing a descriptive research design and secondary data analysis, the study examines product variety, packaging, shelf life, usage applications, nutritional considerations, and distribution reach across general trade, modern retail, and e-commerce platforms. Key findings highlight that Amul’s ice cream portfolio offers a balanced mix of traditional Indian flavors (Rajbhog, Kesar Pista) and Western variants (Cookies N Cream), in diverse formats—cones, cups, combo packs, and family tubs—tailored for different consumption occasions. The cheese portfolio showcases a wide range of processed, spreadable, gourmet, and flavored cheese products designed for both everyday use and gourmet experiences. The paneer product range offers refrigerated, frozen, and ambient variants, making it adaptable for diverse storage and culinary requirements, with notable presence in international markets. The gourmet frozen food segment—featuring pizzas, parathas, burger patties, fries, and snacks—demonstrates Amul’s responsiveness to urban consumer demand for convenience, nutrition, and fusion flavors.

Spatio-temporal Modelling of Crime and Violence Trends in Mombasa County, Kenya

Meshack Mwanyolo, Nashon Adero, Oscar Ngesa, Mika Siljander — Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Criminal activities are a pervasive national security threat with far reaching effects on Kenya’s social and economic well-being. At such, criminal activities in Kenya have increased in both variety, frequency and numbers every year. Such activities span a wide range including petty theft, assault, vandalism, murder, rape, fraud, organized crime, youth gangs, kidnaps, terrorism, radicalization, and other cases. Further, the move to a devolved system of governance brings new threats of crime and violence relating to investment and urbanization of rural centers, as well as new borders and resource conflicts which may manifest in crime. Analyzing geo-coded crime data provides new insights for designing, allocating, and implementation of data driven crime prevention policies and programs. The main objective of this study is to model crime incident patterns using spatial-temporal techniques across the county with a view of informing crime prevention policy and reducing violence activities by understanding crime trends. Datasets from secondary sources were used (Kenya Police Sub County Stations).

This study will apply statistical models and data science approaches to identify crime-general and crime-specific hotspots in Mombasa County in Kenya between 2019–2021. We employed Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to determine spatial crime hotspots. We also used Moran’s I statistics to assess spatial autocorrelation in the study. To model temporal variations and predict crime occurrences in the area of study we employed Poisson regression. The findings of the study revealed that drug related offences and interpersonal violence were the most rampant crimes types. The intensity of these activities varied across the sub-counties where Mvita, Kisauni and Likoni came on top as persistent crime hotspots. With these insights the study demonstrated that there is need to incorporate Geographic Information System (GIS) with statistical modelling in understanding localized crime distribution. The study therefore recommends that the root cause of the crimes should be identified more so deployment of police officers, patrols, and surveillance infrastructure in persistent hotspots (e.g., Mvita, Kisauni, Likoni) should be enhanced.