A Nanotoxicological Approach to the Effects of Metformin and Sodium Metavanadate Co-encapsulated in Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles under the Biological Parameters of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Tiago Queiroz da Mota Bittencourt
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Thamiris Pinheiros Santos
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Paulo Eduardo da Silva Bastos
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins Amorim
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Sâmara da Silva Gomes
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Yuri Mateus Lima de Albuquerque
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena *
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife - PE, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The present study evaluated the sublethal and lethal effects, and heart rate of Danio rerio when exposed to antidiabetic drugs, metformin (M-10), and sodium metavanadate (V-10), their association (MV-10) and the polycaprolactone nanoparticles containing poloxamer 188 with (PPMV-1, PPMV-5, and PPMV-10) or without these antidiabetics (PP-10). Acute toxicity tests were carried out to evaluate these effects. Groups V-10, MV-10, PPMV-5, PPMV-10, and PP-10 had lethal and sublethal, such as effects as pericardial edema. Concerning the heart rate, the PPMV-1, PPMV-5, PPMV-10, and PP-10 groups had a reduction compared to the other groups, indicating toxicity of the constituents of the nanoparticles. PPMV-5, PPMV-10, and PP-10 groups had sublethal and lethal effects depending on the concentration. Antidiabetics were eliminated as a possible cause and the poloxamer 188 is non-toxic at the concentrations used. In the PP-10 group, there was a dynamic of sublethal and lethal effects like the PPMV-10 group. We conclude that the presence of PCL in the formulation of nanoparticles was harmful at the cardiovascular level in embryos and eleuthero-embryos of D. rerio, affecting their development and heart rate, regardless of their concentration. Because of the results obtained, we can conclude that the toxicological evaluation of a nanomaterial is important to anticipate problems in its veterinary application since such results show possible toxicity problems.
Keywords: PCL, toxicology, animal model, nanomaterial, antidiabetics