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This study examines the socio-economic impact of the National Livestock Mission (NLM) on small and marginal farmers in the Pollachi block of Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu. The National Livestock Mission (NLM) plays a pivotal role in improving rural livelihoods by increasing farmers' incomes, securing food availability, and fostering sustainable development. The program's interventions support small and marginal farmers in attaining economic resilience and contribute to the advancement of socio-economic conditions within rural communities. Utilizing an ex post facto research design, the research analyzed data collected from 60 respondents through structured interview schedule and telephone surveys. The study focused on participation in various components of the NLM, including breed improvement, fodder development, poultry and small ruminant development, veterinary services, and training programs.

Correlation analysis revealed that increased income from the NLM was positively associated with enhanced savings, improved livestock productivity, and better access to veterinary care. Primary education, livestock rearing, nuclear family structures, and higher income levels were positively correlated with higher adoption and socio-economic impact scores. Despite these benefits, key constraints such as lack of awareness, administrative delays, insufficient veterinary infrastructure, and social barriers were identified as critical impediments to optimal scheme implementation.

The study concludes that although the NLM has contributed moderately to better rural livelihoods, its full potential still remains untapped. To maximize the program's effectiveness, it is imperative that awareness campaigns be strengthened, bureaucratic processes be streamlined, veterinary facilities be enhanced, and inclusive access be guaranteed. The result of the study offers useful ideas for policy improvement and more fair rural awareness growth via livestock-based activities.