Archives of Current Research International

Soil carbon sequestration represents a critical natural climate solution for mitigating atmospheric CO₂ concentrations while simultaneously enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity. This comprehensive review examines recent developments in soil carbon sequestration strategies, analysing mechanisms, quantification methods, and implementation approaches across diverse ecosystems. Recent studies demonstrate that optimised agricultural practices can increase soil organic carbon stocks by 0.4-1.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, contributing significantly to climate mitigation goals. Key strategies include conservation agriculture, cover cropping, biochar application, agroforestry systems, and enhanced weathering techniques. However, permanence challenges, measurement uncertainties, and socioeconomic barriers remain significant constraints. Advanced monitoring technologies, including remote sensing and machine learning approaches, show promise for improving carbon stock assessments. Emerging credit carbon markets create financial incentives for soil carbon sequestration, with voluntary markets currently dominating transactions. Policy frameworks incorporating carbon credits and incentive mechanisms are emering globally to promote adoption. This review synthesises current knowledge on sequestration potential across different soil types and climatic zones, evaluates technological innovations, and identifies research priorities. Future directions emphasise integrated landscape management, precision agriculture technologies, and nature-based solutions. Achieving substantial climate mitigation through soil carbon sequestration requires coordinated efforts combining scientific advancement, policy support, and stakeholder engagement to realise the full potential of soils as carbon sinks.