Archives of Current Research International

Efficient seed placement is crucial for optimizing crop establishment and input use efficiency in smallholder agriculture. However, traditional manual sowing often results in irregular seed distribution, mechanical seed damage, and high labor demand. This study presents the design optimization and performance evaluation of a manually operated multipurpose tool frame-mounted ridger planter equipped with an inclined plate seed metering mechanism. The optimization focused on improving metering precision through geometric modification of the seed plate, use of fiber composite materials to minimize seed damage, and refinement of the drive transmission system for smoother rotation. Laboratory and field evaluations were conducted using Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds at forward speeds of 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 km h⁻¹. Performance indicators including seed rate, mean seed spacing, miss and multiple indices, quality of feed index (QFI), mechanical seed damage, and field efficiency were assessed. The modified planter achieved a mean seed rate of 9.86 kg ha⁻¹, closely matching the theoretical 10.17 kg ha⁻¹, with mean seed spacing of 10.3–10.6 cm. The miss and multiple indices were 0.81% and 0.17%, respectively, resulting in a QFI of 89–95%. Mechanical seed damage remained below 2.5%, and field efficiency averaged 80%. The ergonomic redesign reduced human effort by approximately 45% compared to manual dibbling. Overall, the modified ridger planter provides a low-cost, durable, and efficient mechanization alternative for smallholder farmers, suitable for precision sowing of small-seeded crops.