Archives of Current Research International

Background: Dental caries is a complex and dynamic pathological condition with multiple etiologies. It is the most prevalent non-communicable disease encountered in dental clinics. Recently, bioactive glass air-abrasion has gained considerable attention as a promising technique for promoting dentin remineralisation and enhancing the longevity of restorations.  

Aims: This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical application and effectiveness of bioactive glass 45S5 air-abrasion as a selective caries removal technique prior to adhesive restoration. The approach prioritises dentin preservation, promotes remineralisation, and contributes to the longevity and quality of the restorative outcome.

Presentation of Case: A patient presented to the dental clinic with active carious lesions on the occlusal and buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Clinical and radiographic examinations confirmed the presence of dentin caries without pulpal involvement. The carious tissue was selectively removed using bioactive glass 45S5 air-abrasion, preserving affected dentin near the pulp while maintaining sound peripheral dentin and enamel for optimal sealing. Following caries removal, an adhesive system was applied, and the teeth were restored using composite resin. The treatment resulted in excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes, with no postoperative sensitivity or complications reported.

Discussion: The management of dental caries has shifted toward minimally invasive strategies that preserve healthy dental structures. Selective caries removal, when combined with bioactive materials like bioactive glass 45S5, offers additional benefits such as dentin remineralisation and improved restoration longevity. Although the literature supports the remineralising potential of 45S5 bioactive glass, its influence on adhesive bond strength remains under investigation. In this case, the technique proved clinically effective, suggesting that air-abrasion with bioactive glass can be a viable adjunct in conservative caries management.

Conclusion: This case highlights the effectiveness of bioactive glass 45S5 air-abrasion in selective caries removal, providing a predictable, conservative, and biologically favourable approach. The technique supported functional and aesthetic restoration without postoperative sensitivity, reinforcing its potential as a valuable tool in contemporary restorative dentistry. Further controlled trials are warranted to confirm long-term adhesive performance.