Archives of Current Research International

Plant-based sustainable agricultural methods of integration have become central in curbing the challenges of food security in the world as well as maintaining the integrity of the environment. This critical analysis of literature focuses on modern plant strategies that can increase crop production by improving ecological intensity. These systems include the cover cropping systems, polyculture practices, use of biofertilizers and the integrated pest management systems with the use of botanical extracts. Recent data have proven that cover crops enhance soil organic matter by 12-23 percent in addition to minimisingerosion by 80 percent. The land equivalent ratios in polyculture systems are 15-30 percent greater than in monocultures and the pest suppression and nutrient cycling efficiencies are higher. Biofertilizers that include Rhizobium spp, Azotobacterspp as well as mycorrhizal fungi increase crop yields by 10-25, and decrease the use of chemical fertilisersby 25-50. Bio pesticides made out of Azadirachtaindica, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and other botanical sources are effective bio pesticides that do not have any serious environmental effects. The review brings together the results of 2015-2025 and it was found that combined plant-based practices can sustain or even surpass traditional systems in productivity, in addition to lowering the reliance on synthetic inputs by 40-60 percent. The obstacles of implementation would cover the start-up costs, transfer of knowledge, and local-specific requirements. The research needs of the future are to come up with climate-resilient cultivar mixes, to be more effective in maximizing interaction between plants and microbes, and to work out successful models at different agroecological locations. This review offers evidence-based advice on how to move towards sustainable intensification by plant-based agricultural innovations.