Archives of Current Research International

Climate-driven disruptions, including rising temperature–humidity indices, erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, and emerging vector-borne pathogens, are reshaping global livestock production and challenging long-term sustainability. Livestock systems face substantial productivity losses due to heat-induced declines in feed intake, reduced fertility, altered metabolic pathways, and compromised immune responses. These pressures intensify demand for adaptive strategies that safeguard animal welfare while reducing environmental impacts. Climate-smart livestock production integrates a multidimensional framework involving resilient genetic resources, diversified feed systems, precision nutrition, water-efficient technologies, and advanced environmental management approaches. Innovations such as precision livestock farming tools, wearable biosensors, automated feeding systems, robotics, remote-sensing-based forage mapping, and decision-support platforms enhance real-time monitoring, improve disease detection accuracy, and optimize resource allocation. Sustainable grazing methods—rotational, strip, and holistic grazing combined with enriched pastures, silvo-pastoral models, and soil carbon restoration strengthen ecological resilience and enhance fodder stability. Integrated crop–livestock and agroforestry systems facilitate circular nutrient flows, reduce reliance on external inputs, and enhance system productivity while contributing to carbon sequestration. Socio-economic dimensions, including livelihood vulnerability, gender equity, cost–benefit evaluations, and community-based adaptation, shape the feasibility and scalability of climate-resilient livestock interventions. Policy frameworks and global climate commitments emphasize methane mitigation, adaptive housing, improved veterinary surveillance, and ecosystem-based land management, supported by institutional coordination and targeted investment. Collectively, these strategies provide a robust foundation for developing sustainable, low-emission, welfare-oriented livestock systems capable of maintaining productivity under accelerating climatic uncertainty. The review synthesizes scientific evidence, technological advancements, socio-economic insights, and policy implications to propose an integrated pathway for livestock sectors striving to enhance resilience and environmental performance in a rapidly changing global climate.