Archives of Current Research International

Vaginal tumors are uncommon in cattle compared to other domestic animals, with leiomyomas being extremely rare. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms, well-encapsulated, and histologically characterized by spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and minimal mitotic activity. The present study describes the clinical presentation, surgical management, and histopathological findings of a vaginal leiomyoma obstructing the urethral opening in a crossbred cow. A five-year-old cow was presented with a history of progressive vaginal swelling, straining, and difficulty in urination for two months. Clinical examination revealed a firm, well-circumscribed, pedunculated mass projecting into the vaginal lumen. Cytological examination of impression smears demonstrated spindle-shaped cells with oval to elongated nuclei, suggestive of leiomyoma. Surgery was performed under sedation with butorphanol and caudal epidural anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The mass was exteriorized, ligated at the base with absorbable suture material, and excised. Postoperative therapy included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and daily antiseptic dressing. The cow recovered uneventfully, resuming normal urination and defecation within two days, with complete healing observed by 10 days. Follow-up for six months revealed no recurrence. Histopathological examination of the excised tumour confirmed leiomyoma. The case highlights the successful diagnosis and surgical management of a rare vaginal leiomyoma in cattle obstructing normal urination.