Anatomical Review of Skull in Domestic and Wild Mammals
Bensia Debbarma
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Jhuma Debbarma
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
J. B. Rajesh *
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Jashima Debbarma
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Karong David Kom
Department of Livestock Product Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Binipi Debbarma
Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Elone Lucy
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sanskaram College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Kheri-Kulana Road Kheri, Taluka, Patauda, Haryana-124108, India.
Zosangpuii Zosangpuii
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Selesih PO, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Keshab Jamatia
Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 037, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Review of skull of domestic and wild mammals are important and have revealed considerable diversity in skull morphology and morphometry reflecting species-specific functional, ecological and phylogenetic adaptations. Comparative analyses across species such as cattle, buffalo, camels, sheep, goats, pigs, carnivores and wild ungulates demonstrate variations in cranial shape, orbital structure, foramina and mandibular dimensions. Breed and species-level differences, along with sexual dimorphism, have been effectively characterized using morphometric indices. The morphology of skull varies with different breeds within the same species. Morphometric indices help us to distinguish between different breeds. Advances in radiography and Computed Tomography imaging have significantly improved visualization of cranial structures, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. This review covers the important and latest articles in the field of morphology and morphometry studies with radiography and CT scan imaging studies.
Keywords: Animals, breeds, morphology, morphometry, skull, species