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Efficient nutrient management is essential for improving crop growth, yield, and productivity under different agro-climatic conditions. Balanced supply of key nutrients supports better plant development and enhances yield potential in field crops, particularly in oilseed crops like mustard. A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2025-26 at Jaipur National University to study the effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth, phenology and yield attributes of mustard using a factorial randomized block design with sixteen treatments and three replications. The study showed that nitrogen and sulphur levels significantly influenced growth, phenological and yield attributes, while plant population remained non-significant. Among nitrogen levels, 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (N₃) recorded the highest plant height (23.43, 122.53, 167.97 and 173.38 cm at 30, 60, 90 DAS and maturity), number of branches per plant (14.05), dry matter accumulation (27.63 g plant⁻¹), number of siliquae per plant (362.67), seeds per siliqua (18.42), seed yield per plant (17.74 g) and 1000-seed weight (5.60 g). This treatment remained statistically at par with 60 kg N ha⁻¹ (N₂) and showed increases of 17.32% (maturity plant height), 16.06% (branches), 14.51% (dry matter), 17.44% (siliquae per plant), 12.13% (seeds per siliqua), 28.31% (seed yield per plant) and 10.78% (1000-seed weight) over N₂ and 22.89%, 63.82%, 52.23%, 34.45%, 34.65%, 102.58% and 25.76% over 75 kg N ha⁻¹ (N₁), respectively. Similarly, under sulphur levels, 50 kg S ha⁻¹ (S₄) recorded maximum plant height (15.34, 114.23, 163.05 and 169.29 cm at 30, 60, 90 DAS and maturity), number of branches per plant (13.06), dry matter accumulation (22.02, 48.94 and 61.13 g plant⁻¹ at 60, 90 DAS and maturity), number of siliquae per plant (340.58), seeds per siliqua (17.25), seed yield per plant (16.68 g) and 1000-seed weight (5.28 g). This treatment remained statistically at par with 40 kg S ha⁻¹ (S₃) and showed increases of 2.73% (maturity plant height), 6.20% (dry matter at maturity), 18.94% (branches), 6.20% (dry matter), 5.16% (seed yield) and 3.79% (1000-seed weight) over S₃ and 7.80%, 29.96%, 38.28%, 29.96%, 14.45%, 40.03% and 29.96% over S₁, respectively. Overall, 60 kg N ha⁻¹ along with 40 kg S ha⁻¹ was found most efficient and economical for achieving optimum growth and yield of mustard under the given agro-climatic conditions.