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Metoestrual bleeding is a common physiological phenomenon in cattle; however, profuse bleeding has been associated with impaired fertility and may reflect alterations in the uterine environment. Endometrial cytology and uterine fluid characteristics can provide valuable insights into uterine health and inflammatory status during the oestrous cycle.The present study investigated endometrial cytological changes and uterine fluid characteristics during oestrus (Day 0) and metoestrus (Day 2) in crossbred dairy cows with profuse metoestrual bleeding (Group I; n = 12) and cows without metoestrual bleeding (Group II; n = 12). Endometrial samples were collected using a modified cytobrush technique and evaluated for epithelial cell populations, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell percentage. Uterine fluid was further analyzed for leucocyte esterase (LE) activity, protein concentration and pH. Conception rates following artificial insemination were also recorded. Superficial epithelial cells constituted the predominant cell population in both groups but decreased significantly (P<0.05) during metoestrus. Intermediate cell proportions increased during metoestrus and were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Group II (16.42 ± 1.25%) than in Group I (11.99 ± 1.07%). PMN cell percentages increased significantly during metoestrus in both groups, reaching 4.04 ± 0.25% in Group I and 3.02 ± 0.11% in Group II, with Group I showing significantly higher values (P < 0.01). Leucocyte esterase activity was markedly elevated during metoestrus in Group I (142.5 ± 33.26 cells/µL) compared with Group II (7.50 ± 2.26 cells/µL) (P < 0.01). Protein concentration in uterine fluid during metoestrus was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Group I (82.50 ± 9.14 mg/dL) than in Group II (39.17 ± 8.36 mg/dL), whereas uterine fluid pH did not differ significantly between groups. The overall conception rate was substantially lower in cows with profuse metoestrual bleeding (33.33%) compared to cows without bleeding (83.33%). These findings indicate that profuse metoestrual bleeding is associated with increased endometrial inflammatory activity, characterized by elevated PMN cell infiltration, enhanced LE activity, and increased uterine fluid protein concentration. Such alterations may create a less favorable uterine environment for fertilization and early embryonic development, thereby contributing to reduced conception rates in Group I cows.