Archives of Current Research International

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oilseed legume of considerable nutritional and economic importance across semi-arid tropical regions, yet its rabi (post-rainy winter) season cultivation remains underexploited from the perspective of sustainable soil and nutrient management. The rabi season offers clear agronomic advantages over the conventional kharif crop—higher oil content, better kernel plumpness, and reduced aflatoxin contamination risk—but these benefits are often undermined by phosphorus deficiency, soilborne pathogen pressure, and heavy reliance on synthetic chemical inputs. Phosphate-Rich Organic Manure (PROM) and plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas species have emerged as scientifically credible alternatives that, individually and in combination, can improve phosphorus nutrition, rhizosphere biological activity, and crop performance without the cumulative environmental costs of mineral fertiliser dependency. This review critically synthesises evidence published between January 2000 and February 2026 on the mechanisms, interactions, and agronomic outcomes of PROM and Pseudomonas in rabi groundnut systems. Topics addressed include the preparation chemistry and phosphorus dynamics of PROM; the ecological distribution and multi-mechanistic growth-promoting repertoire of Pseudomonas, encompassing phosphate solubilisation, phytohormone synthesis, siderophore production, direct antibiosis, and induced systemic resistance; the interactive effects of these inputs on rhizosphere microbial communities and soil phosphorus bioavailability; and their combined impact on pod yield, nodulation, kernel quality, and soil biological health. Published evidence indicates that integrated PROM–Pseudomonas systems consistently improve rabi groundnut pod yields by 15–35% relative to uninoculated controls and can substitute 25–50% of recommended synthetic phosphatic fertiliser without significant yield penalty. Persistent research gaps—including the scarcity of multi-location field data, the absence of life-cycle assessments, and limited molecular understanding of plant–microbe signalling under combined treatments—are identified and discussed. The biological and agronomic case for integration is compelling, but translating experimental results into reliable farm-scale delivery will require sustained investment in formulation quality, adoption economics, and supportive policy environments.