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Agriculture plays a crucial role in Telangana's economy, where changes in irrigation, technology, and government policies have significantly influenced crop production over time. This study examines the growth performance of major crops in Telangana by estimating the compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) of area, production, and yield for paddy, maize, cotton, total pulses, total oilseeds, and fruits and vegetables during 1990–91 to 2019–20. The study period was divided into three phases to capture changes before and after the formation of Telangana State, and a log-linear regression model was employed to estimate CAGRs at both state and district levels. The results reveal considerable temporal and spatial variations in crop growth across the state. Paddy, maize, and cotton registered positive growth in area, production, and yield over the overall study period, whereas oilseeds showed a declining trend in cultivated area. The findings further indicate that the rapid increase in paddy production after the formation of Telangana was largely driven by an expansion in cultivated area, supported by improved irrigation infrastructure and government procurement policies. The district-wise analysis also revealed substantial variations in crop performance, reflecting differences in resource endowments, irrigation development, and technological adoption. The study provides useful insights into the changing dynamics of agricultural growth in Telangana and offers evidence to support region-specific policies for enhancing productivity, promoting crop diversification, and achieving sustainable agricultural development.