A Study of Morphological Variations of Carotid Bifurcation and Branching Pattern of External Carotid Artery in Adult Nigerian Cadavers
Archives of Current Research International, Volume 23, Issue 5,
Page 40-48
DOI:
10.9734/acri/2023/v23i5574
Abstract
Background: Understanding the morphological differences in the branching pattern of carotid vessels has played a significant role in successful surgical operations around the neck region. This study aimed at evaluating the morphological variants of the external carotid artery (ECA) in relation to its carotid bifurcation (CB) and its branches.
Methods: After obtaining twenty-five (25) hemi-necks and later dissected, 25 ECAs were examined (13 right and 12 left). The patterning of the superficial branches and CB from common carotid artery were photographed and later analyzed in terms of variations of origin.
Results: CB appeared as V-shaped in 24 cases (96%). Superior thyroid artery (STA) originated majorly from both the ECA (40.91%) and from the CB (36.36%). The percentage distributions of occurrence of arterial branch origins from ECA in both hemi-neck sides are as follows; ascending pharyngeal (85.71%), lingual (84%), facial (88%) and occipital (95%).
Conclusion: In adult Nigerian cadavers, the V-shaped carotid bifurcation pattern is more common and the CB was more prevalent at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage. Higher numbers of origins were observed more in STA compared to other superficial branches of ECA.
- External carotid artery
- carotid bifurcation
- morphological variations
How to Cite
References
Chaurasia BD. BD Chaurasia's human anatomy regional and applied dissections and clinicals; volume 3. 4th edition. CBS Publishers and Distributors; 2006.
Standring S. Gray’s anatomy: Anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th Edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008.
Gluncic V, Petanjek Z, Marusic A, Gluncic I. High bifurcation of common carotid artery anomalous origin of ascending pharyngeal artery and anomalous origin of ascending pharyngeal artery and anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2001;23:123-125.
Li N, Fuwa N, Toyomasu Y, Takada A, Nomura M, Kawamura T, et al. A novel external carotid arterial sheath system for intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of head and neck cancer. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017;40(7):1099-1104.
Mata Joao Mata, Fabiana Marcio, Souza Hisao Nishijo Tales Ferreira. Arrangement and prevalence of branches in the external carotid artery in humans. IJAE. 2012;117(2):65–74.
Acar M, Salbacak A, Sakarya M, Zararsiz I, Ulusoy M. The morphometrical analysis of the external carotid artery and its branches with multidetector computerized tomography angiography technique. Int J Morphol. 2013;31:1407-14.
Rao NS, Gangadhara KM, Rao HRK. Trifurcation of external carotid artery and variant branches of first part of maxillary artery. International Journal of Anatomy Research. 2014;2(3):561-565.
Ovhal AG, Ansari MM, Rajgopal L. A cross sectional study of variations in the external carotid artery in cadavers. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology. 2016;3(3):285-289.
Dakare S, Bhuiyan P. A morphological study of branches of external carotid artery in adult human cadavers. Anatomical Society of India. 2018;67:162–165.
Sanjeev I K, Anita H, Ashwini Mahesh U. Branching pattern of external carotid artery in human cadavers. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2010;4(5):3128-3133.
Michalinos A, Chatzimarkos M, Arkadopoulos N, Safioleas M, Troupis T. Anatomical considerations on surgical anatomy of the carotid bifurcation. Anat Res Int. 2016;1-8.
Fontaine C, Drizenko A. Les artères de la tête et du cou. In: Chevrel J.P. Anatomie clinique. Tête et cou. Paris: Ed. Springer. 1996;401-407.
Rouvière H, Delmas A. Anatomie Humaine déscriptive topographique et fonctionnelle. Tome 2. 14th edition. Paris: Ed. Masson. 1997;196-210.
Kopuz C, Turan R, Tekat A. Unusual bifurcation-level variation of the left common carotid artery: anatomic presentation of a surgical case. Bull. Assoc. Anat. 1997;81 (253):13-14.
Lucev N, Bobinac D, Maric I, Drescik I. Variations of the great arteries in the carotid triangle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;22:590-591.
Ito H, Mataga I, Kageyama I, Kobayashi K. Clinical anatomy in the neck region -The position of external and internal carotid arteries may be reversed. Okajimas Folio Anat Jpn. 2006; 82(4):157–168.
Al-Rafiah A, EL Haggagy A, Aal I, Zaki. A. Anatomical study of carotid bifurcation and origin variations of the ascending pharyngeal and superior thyroid arteries. Folia Morphol (Praha). 2011;70(1):47–55.
Mompeo B, Bajo E. Carotid bifurcation: clinical relevance. Eur J Anat. 2015;19:37-42 .
Deepa D, Minnie P, Tintu S. Variations in the origin of superior laryngeal artery. Anat Cell Biol. 2018;49:254-8.
Hayashi N, Hori E, Ohtani Y, Ohtani O, Kuwayama N, Endo S. Surgical anatomy s of the cervical carotid artery for carotid endarterectomy. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo). 2005;45(1):25- 9.
Lo A, Oehley M, Bartlett A, Adams D, Blyth P, Al-Ali S. Anatomical variations of the common carotid artery bifurcation. ANZ J. Surg. 2006;76(11):970-2.
Kurkcuoglu A, Aytekin C, Oktem H, Pelin C. Morphological variation of carotid artery bifurcation level in digital angiography. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2015;74:206-11.
Gailloud P, Murphy K, Rigamonti D. Bilateral thoracic bifurcation of the common carotid artery associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:941-4.
Gomez CK, Arnuk OJ. Intrathoracic bifurcation of the right common carotid artery. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;bcr2012007554.
Gulsen S, Caner H, Altinors N. An anatomical variant: low-lying bifurcation of the common carotid artery and its surgical implications in anterior cervical discectomy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009;45:32-4.
Gavrilidou P, Iliescu D, Baz R, Border P. Morphological characteristics of the external carotid artery. ARS Medica Tomitana. 2013 ;2(73).
Delić J, Bajtarević A, Isaković E. Positional variations of the external and the internal carotid artery. Acta Med Salin. 2010;39:86-9.
Vázquez T, Cobiella R, Maranillo E, Valderrama FJ, McHanwell S, Parkin I, Sañudo JR. Anatomical variations of the superior thyroid and superior laryngeal arteries. Head Neck. 2008; 31(8):1078-85.
Cappabianca S, Scuotto A, Iaselli F, et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of aberrant origin of the external carotid artery branches. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2012;34(5) 393–399.
Small JE, Harrington J, Watkins E. Prevalence of arterial branches arising from the extracranial internal carotid artery on CT angiography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2014;36(8):789–793
Lappas DA, Kamberos SP, Gisakis IG, Takis CH, Lykaki G. Anatomic study of the variations in the origin of the branches of the external carotid artery. Beta Medical Arts. 2002;81:28-31.
Shivaprakash S, Ashok KR. Study of branching pattern of external carotid artery. International Journal of Anatomy Research. 2022;10(2): 8367-8371.
Anuradha M, Chitra S. A study of the common origin of lingual and facial artery from the external carotid artery. International Journal of Anatomy Research. 2017;5(1):3656-3658.
Ozgur Z, Govsa F, Ozgur T. Assessment of origin characteristics of the front branches of the external carotid artery. J. Craniofac. Surg. 2008;19(4):1159- 66.
Charles AS, Rabi S, Jain A, Rana PK. Origin and branching pattern of external carotid artery – a cadaveric study. European Journal of Anatomy. 2021;25(2): 187-196.
Suzuki T, Moriyama T, Moriwaki H, Yagihashi A, Yajima N, Takahashi G. Anomalous artery directly connecting the external and internal carotid arteries. Annals of Anatomy. 2000;182(1):59-63.
-
Abstract View: 17 times
PDF Download: 15 times
