Agricultural Policy Reforms and their Effects on Smallholder Farmers: A Comprehensive Review
Srinatha, T. N. *
Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India.
G J Abhishek
Division of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI, India.
Pramod Kumar
Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India.
Aravinda, B. J.
Institute of Agribusiness Management, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, India.
Debasmita Baruah
Department of Agricultural Economics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.
Gireesh, S.
Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Niyati Thakur
Faculty (Agricultural Economics) at COHF Neri Hamirpur HP, Dr. YSPUHF Nauni Solan HP, India.
Anbukkani Perumal
Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Agricultural policy reforms are critical in influencing the economic, social, and environmental conditions of smallholder farmers, who represent a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. These reforms, implemented through various strategies such as market liberalization, subsidy adjustments, and land tenure reforms, have far-reaching implications. This review article delves into the multifaceted effects of agricultural policy reforms on smallholder farmers, providing a comprehensive analysis of their historical context, economic impacts, social outcomes, and environmental consequences. By examining the evolution of these policies from the pre-structural adjustment era to the present, we aim to shed light on both the successes and challenges faced by smallholder farmers. The review also highlights case studies from different regions, illustrating the diverse experiences of smallholder farmers under varying policy frameworks. Ultimately, this article offers policy recommendations designed to enhance the resilience and productivity of smallholder farming communities, ensuring sustainable development and food security in the face of global challenges such as climate change and economic volatility.
Keywords: Agricultural policy reforms, smallholder farmers, market liberalization, structural adjustment programs (SAPs), sustainable agriculture, land tenure security, financial inclusion