Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Seeds, Seed-pods and Stems of Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae)
Abdullatif O. Giwa-Ajeniya
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria and Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Abayomi Ademefun
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
Oladipupo A. Lawal *
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
Isiaka A. Ogunwande
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the present study is to report the volatile compounds identified in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the various parts of B. orellana.
Study Design: The design includes the extraction of essential oil from air-dried leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems samples of B. orellana and the determination and identification of the chemical constituents of the oils.
Place and Duration of Study: Mature leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems of B. orellana were collected along LASU-Isheri Road in Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria, in May, 2014.
Methodology: Air-dried and macerated leaves, seeds, seed-pods and stems of B. orellana were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to obtained colourless volatile oil whose chemical constituents was analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS.
Results: A total of twenty-one different compounds were identified, out of which a range of 9–20 constituents were identified, accounting for 91.4–98.1% of the oil samples that are predominantly sesquiterpenes (40.8 – 94.9%), except for the seed oil with a higher amount of monoterpenes (45.0%). The leaf oil was characterized largely by α-guaiene (49.3%). The seed oil had α-pinene (29.1%) and β-pinene (14.5%). α-Guaiene (25.0%), spathulenol (12.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%) were the significant compounds of the seed-pot. The main constituents of the stem oil were caryophyllene oxide (38.8%), β-caryophyllene (22.3%) and myrtenyl acetate (12.5%).
Conclusion: The present study shows that the composition of B. orellana essential oils differed from each other and from data reported previously from other parts of the world.
Keywords: Bixa orellana, Bixaceae, essential oil, α-guaiene, caryophyllene oxide, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene